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Notes 2.1


earthquake- the shaking and trembling that results from the movement below the Earth's surface.
stress- a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.
shearing- stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite directions.
tension- the force that pulls on the crust, stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle.
compression- the force that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks.
deformation- any change in the volume or shape of Earth's crust.
fault- a break in the Earth's crust where slabs of crust slip past each other.
strike-slip fault- the rocks on either side slip past each other sideways.
normal fault- tension forces in the Earth's crust.
hanging wall- the half of the fault that lies above.
footwall- the other half of the crust that lies below.
reverse fault- the reverse fault is like a normal fault, but it moves in the opposite direction.
fault-block mountain- when a normal fault lifts up a block of rock.
folds- bends in a rock that form because compression thickens and shortens part of the Earth's crust
anticline- a fold in rock that goes upward
syncline- a fold in rock that goes downward
plateau- large area of flat land that is high above sea-level

Outline


Stress in the Crust

  • movement of the plates create powerful forces
  • forces are example of stress

Types of Stress

  • shearing
  • tension
  • compression

Kinds of Faults

  • Strike-slip fault
  • Normal fault
  • Reverse fault

Friction Along Faults

  • friction exits because Earth's surface isn't entirly smooth

Mountain Building

  • Mountains formed by faulting
  • Mountains formed by folding
  • Anticlines and Synclines
  • Plateaus





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